Paris had been the birthplace of the Modernist sensibility during the latter half of the previous century, when its cafés, studios and tolerant atmosphere helped nurture the symbolist school in poetry and impressionism in painting. By the start of the First World War, it had sheltered fauvism, cubism, expressionism, vorticism, and a host of other splinter movements through which the emerging culture gradually took shape.
1999, Daniel J. Singal, William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist, Univ of North Carolina Press, page 71