Definition of "Barkol"

When Chinese come in contact with Mongols in such small numbers that they do not bring with them the disastrous economic and social forms of landlordism and economic subjection to the land, they do not have to underlive and drag down the Mongols, but are able to raise themselves to the Mongol level. A modern example of this type of social-tribal-“racial” transformation is to be found in the Barkol region of Chinese Turkistan, where in the mountains near the great caravan route from Kueihua to Kuch'engtzu the so-called Erh-hun-tzu or Bastards are a prosperous quasi-tribal group founded by the Chinese who have left the caravans and taken Mongol wives.

1935, Owen Lattimore, The Mongols Of Manchuria‎, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., page 231

In October, 1931, when the Tung-kan rebel Ma Chung-ying had successfully captured Barkol (Chen-hsi) and Ha-mi, Chin signed a new agreement with the Soviets.

1944, Martin R. Norins, Gateway to Asia: Sinkiang, Frontier of the Chinese Far West‎, New York: The John Day Company, page 16

But it had just rained in Barkol and the dirt road outside the city was muddy. When people heard that we wanted to go to Mori across the grassland, they kindheartedly tried to dissuade us, saying there was no village and would be very few travellers on the way. If the jeep sank into mire, how could we pull it out?

1989, Che Muqi (车慕奇), 丝绸之路今昔 [The Silk Road, Past and Present]‎, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, page 122

Although the area has been used by Kazaks off and on since the nineteenth century, the number of Kazaks in Barkol county was never very large. The pre-1949 population of Han Chinese at Barkol was already over 10,000, while Kazaks numbered less than 5,000. Nonetheless, after 1949, Barkol was designated a Kazak autonomous county, a status that continued despite an overwhelmingly Han Chinese population (see table 5.10).

1998, Linda Benson, Ingvar Svanberg, China's Last Nomads‎, M. E. Sharpe, page 158

Uighur farmers hoe their farmlands to prepare for growing potatoes in Barkol Kazahk Autonomous county, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region May 4, 2014.

2014 July 28, Stian Reklev, “Drought hits China food production: Xinhua”, in Tom Hogue, editor, Reuters‎, archived from the original on 23 June 2022, Business News