Definition of "without"

Macbeth: There's blood upon your faceMurderer: 'tis Banquo's thenMacbeth: 'tis better thee without then he within.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)

And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, so each had a private little sun for her soul to bask in; some dream, some affection, some hobby, at least some remote and distant hope which, though perhaps starving to nothing, still lived on, as hopes will.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 18

Strange silence here: without, the sounding streetHeralds the world's swift passage to the fire

1900, Ernest Dowson, Benedictio Domini, lines 13–14

I knew that someone had entered the house cautiously from without.

1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez, Norton, published 2005, page 1100

The feeling seemed to come not from without, but from within each body, as though every person had become a vibrating string.

2016, Liu Cixin, translated by Ken Liu, Death's End, Tor, translation of 死神永生, page 236

Brainiac: This earthquake is quite literally worldwide. / Alex Danvers: But the seismic activity [isn't] coming from within the planet, it's coming from without.

2019 December 8, Supergirl (TV series), season 5, episode 8, "Crisis on Infinite Earths"

"Read lips: Without gas or without you? Without you. Without light or without you? Without you. Without water or without you? Without you. Without food or without you? Without you."Cold, hunger, darkness and thirst are not as terrible and deadly for us as your "friendship and brotherhood."

2022 September 11, Scott McDonald, quoting President Volodymyr Zelensky, “Cold, Hunger and Darkness in Ukraine 'Not as Terrible' as Russia: Zelensky”, in Newsweek‎, archived from the original on 12 September 2022‎

“What's within reason?” “Hand-job, blow-job, full sex — straight, full service. Greek, maybe, if you're not too big. Golden shower, if you like, but not reverse. No hardsports. And absolutely nothing without.”

2012, Maxim Jakubowski, The Best British Crime Omnibus

Without the gate / Some drive the cars, and some the coursers rein.

1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […]

From thence we came without the Eaſtern gate, (ſtanding on a low Banke, called the daughter of Syon, that over-toppeth the valley of Iehoſaphat,) unto an immoveable ſtone, upon the which they ſaid St. Stephen was ſtoned to death, the firſt Martyr of the Chriſtian faith; and the faithfull fore-runner of many noble followers.

1640, William Lithgow, “The Sixt Part”, in The Totall Diſcourſe, Of the rare Adventures, and painefull Peregrinations of long nineteene yeares Travailes from Scotland, to the moſt famous Kingdomes in Europe, Aſia, and Affrica […], London: I. Okes, page 249

Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach.

c. 1689, Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth

[…] though it was pitch-dark, and we were obliged to be escorted by grooms and groomlings with candles and lanterns; a very necessary precaution, as the winds blew not more violently without the house than within.

1835, William Beckford, Italy: With Sketches of Spain and Portugal, volume 1, page 13

From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company

One day my dreams were surely dying, dying, dying babyJust like a flower without rain

1968 December 8, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder (lyrics and music), “I’d Be a Fool Right Now”, in For Once in My Life, performed by Stevie Wonder

Life goes on within you and without you.

1967, Paul McCartney (writer), The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema.

2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55

But in the meantime Robin Hood and his band lived quietly in Sherwood Forest, without showing their faces abroad, for Robin knew that it would not be wise for him to be seen in the neighborhood of Nottingham, those in authority being very wroth with him.

1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […]

Athelstan Arundel walked home […], foaming and raging. […] He walked the whole way, walking through crowds, and under the noses of dray-horses, carriage-horses, and cart-horses, without taking the least notice of them.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], page 16

You don't know about me, without you have read a book by the name of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," but that ain't no matter.

1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter I, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], page 1

‘Why,’ he blurted, ‘because they say I've no right to come up like this—without we mean to marry—’2006, p.264

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […]